Thursday 27 November 2014

Banning Smoking in alternating essay,,

It has been argued that banning smoking in all public places is another example of the way the government uses health and safety issues as a cover for introducting increasingly tight control over people's lives, so argument goes, people should be free to do what they like so long as this does not harm other citizens. It is also asserted that forbidding smokers from pursuing their habit to public places is an infringement of their democratic rights and is discriminatory (Black, 1993).

Wednesday 26 November 2014

It is not about Rainfall, but also it is related to dry season

 The chart illustrates the comparison between rainfall in each month for the last six months in 2014 and the average rainfall in Melbourne. Overall, it can seen that the average rainfall is higher that the actual rainfall per month except June.

 Looking at the details, July was the driest month with a rainfall of only approximately 20 mm. In contrast, the average rainfall in the same month is far higher, with about 50 mm. Other dry months included May, August and September had actual rainfall at roughly 35 mm, but the average rainfall was recorded at 55, 50, and 60 mm respectively.

On the other hand, the wettest months this year were in June and October with a little over 50 mm. In June the average rainfall was approximately the same but in October was slightly higher by 10 mm. In addtion, the highest average rainfall was in October. (LF-BY-GP)


The bar chart compares the average rainfall and actual rainfall which was recorded in Melbourne over the last six months, from May to October 2014. Overall, it can be seen from the chart that the average rainfall was higher than the actual one, except in June 2014.

 In May 2014, the average rainfall stood at around 55 mm, while at the same time, the real rainfall was noted at about 35 mm. In June, the average rainfall dropped slightly to 50 mm whereas there was a significant increase in the actual rainfall at 53 mm which was higher that the average one. Although the average rainfall remained constant at 50 mm as the previous month, the real rainfall decline dramatically to just under 20 mm in July. After that, both the average and the actual rainfall had experienced a steady rise for three months, from August until October. The actual rainfall was recorded at 35 mm in August and September, and finished just over 50 mm in October. Meanwhile, the average rainfall recorded at 50 mm in August and ended to 65 mm in October. (RSW-LF)

Cockroaches and Dry Weather

    The picture illustrates how common shining cockroaches turn up in bathrooms of people's homes. Overall, it can be seen that most cockroaches migrate to the humid places when the outside conditions and weather continue to be dry.
    To begin with, during the dry conditions, gardeners collect mulch in order to keep the soil being moist. In mulch, cockroaches live and survive. Owing to dry weather continued, cockroaches look for the wet places, then move to toilets in the houses, through either pipelines or ground toward air ventilation hole.
   Besides common shinning cockroaches, there are other bugs such as lerps, aphids, common butterflies and bush flies which also appear in because their nutrients concentrate in abnormal plants. In addition to that, in the same conditions, bush flies end up from the nothern winds. (RP-DAR)
 
   The picture illustates how common shining cockroach move from outside the house to the bathroom. There are various stages, beginning from mulch that contain of cockroach is taken to the garden until the cockroach come to the bathroom.
   Firstly, in a dry weather, the gardener takes mulch to the garden near the house in order to reduce evaporation. The cockroaches that live in the mulch are also brought to the garden. If the dry weather continuing for a long time, the cockroaches try to find another humid place that is conducive to live in. As a results, the cockroaches migrate to the bathroom through the pipeline and thrive in the humid damp conditions.
  Besides the cockroaches, the mulch also contains other bugs such as lerps, aphids, butterflies and bush flies. Thus, in a long dry season those kind of bugs are also apppear in the garden. (RO-FH-R)

Icy Moon Explorer Gets Glacial Test New Scientist Magazine – 26 July 2014



            This article explores the detailed investigation of one Jupiter’s Galilean satelites (Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto), which are believed to harbour sub surface water oceans. Europa, also alled the icy moon, is expected a place of icy worlds in planetary systems in general. Microbes are found on the surface of Europa, but some deny that new discovery and state that it could be false. Until now, Europa is still the madin focus for auter space study. Furthermore, U$D 15 million is allocated for the 2015 federal budget for NASA to establich   the validity of the working hypothesis for europa.
            Experienced experts will travel to investigate the icy moon by on special huge rocket which can shorten accelerate the expedition time from about six years to two. In addition, cryobots, ice-melting vehicles carrying scientific instruments deep into the ice, are designed to aid the scientific journey. The other instrument is VALKYRIE, which is to spread smaller robots carried inside the water to capture the sea floor and check for signs of life.
            If that research on the outer planet is successful, it will be a crucial milestone of space science.RP

Source from here




A GLIMPSE OF LIFE ON THE ROAD By : Kitra Cahana – TEDTALKS.Com Published : April 2014



Kitra Cahana delivered a story of nomadic society in the US. As a documentary photographer, kitra saw the daily reality of wandering people living in the US. This picture is the imagination of her childhood. To feel life as a child traveling is fully interesting for her.
Lives of fellow wanderers across uncle Sam Country has accompanied her worklife. Documenting a different kind of American dream lived by young hobos and tramps opens her mind to the vagabonds fiercely alive in their own way. There are some reasons for why they do this primary needs, unworthy jobs, and adolescent runaways escaping abuse are some reasons.
By day, they tramp through the railroad and asphalt lanes, while after twiglight, they sleeping beneath the stars which some called the numberless stars hotel, totally different from five star hotel. Eating out of trash cans and trying to pick up seasonal jobs here and there every now and then are part of their life. There will always be an element of society who lives on the open road to fight tooth and nail to (stand up for their basic needs (fullfil). RP

Tuesday 25 November 2014

Discussion Pattern Template


The issue of whether ....................................... or.........................................  has been widely debated in our community recently. Various arguments for both supporting and opposing the .................................have been put forward. Supporters would argue that it is important to ...................................because ............................................. Opponents of this argument would argue that it is ..........................................................., because ............................................................ In my opinion, .......................................................................
The supporters would say that ............................................................................to justify ............................................................................................. For this reason, they claim that ........................................................... In addition, .............................................................................
The opponents would say that ............................................................................ For examples, .....................................................................................................
In conclusion, even though ...................................................................., it is more important ..................................................................

Monday 24 November 2014

IELTS Writing - Academic Task 1 - Vocabulary

The following words and phrases will help you describe trends:
Nouns a rise
an increase
a surge
a growth
a peak

a fluctuation
a variation

a period of stability
a plateau

a fall
a decrease
a decline
a dip
Verbs to rise
to increase
to surge
to grow
to peak
to skyrocket

to fluctuate
to vary

to fall
to decrease
to decline
to dip
to dive
to plunge
Phrases to show an upward trend
to show a downward trend
to hit the highest point
to hit the lowest point
to reach a peak
to show some fluctuation
to fluctuate wildly
to remain stable
to remain static
to remain unchanged
to stay constant
to reach a plateau
to level off
to flatten out
the highest
the lowest
the second highest
the third highest

compared to
compared with
relative to
Adverbs sharply
suddenly
rapidly
abruptly
dramatically
significantly
steadily
considerably
markedly
slightly
gently
gradually
wildly
Adjectives sharp
sudden
rapid
abrupt
dramatic
steep
significant
steady
considerable
marked
slight
gentle
gradual


Source from here

List of Adjectives, Adverbs, Nouns and Verbs

Adjective                  
Adverb
Noun
Verb        
    Meaning

Source from here

accurate accurately accurateness
--
adj. - free from error. (antonym - inaccurate)
agreeable agreeably agreement agree adj.- giving pleasure to someone (antonym - disagreeable)
n. - a promise or contract made with someone
v. - to say that one is willing
amazing, amazed amazingly amazement amaze adj. - great surprise and wonder (antonym - unamazing)
annoying, annoyed annoyingly annoyance annoy adj. - annoying - causing slight anger or irritation
adj. - annoyed - rather angry
n. - the things that annoys
artistic artistically art
--
adj. - having natural skills at drawing, painting, acting, etc. (antonym - unartistic)
associate
--
association associate adj. - joined / part of (antonym - disassociate)
n. - group, organization
v. - to join together / to act together with or deal with somebody
attractive attractively attractiveness attract adj.- pretty /pleasing / interesting (antonym - unattractive)
b
behaved
--
behaviour behave adj. - acting in a specific way. used to form compound adjectives e.g. well-behaved (antonym - misbehaved)
n. - way of acting / way of treating others
v. - to act in a specified way
believable believably belief
believe
adj. - that can be believed(antonym - unbelievable)
n. - the feeling that something is real or true
v. - to feel sure of the truth of something
beneficial beneficially beneficiary benefit adj. - having a helpful or useful effect (antonym -
n. - being kind, friendly and helpful
v. - profit / gain / future good
bold boldly boldness
--
adj. - confident and brave (antonym - cowardly)
c
casual casually casualness
--
adj. - happening by chance / not serious (antonym - formal)
clear clearly
clear
adj. - free from cloud / without , error, defect or drawback (antonym - unclear)
comfortable comfortably comfort comfort adj. - enjoyable / free from pain (antonym- adj. uncomfortable / antonym - noun discomfort)
v. - to make someone (or yourself) happy
convenient conveniently convenience
--
adj. - easy / handy / useful (antonym - inconvenient)
commercial commercially commerce
--
adj. - to make money / related to business practices and activities (antonym - noncommercial)
creative creatively creation
create
adj. - able to make or produce things(antonym - uncreative)
critical critically criticism
criticize
adj. - looking for faults or problems (antonym - uncritical)
d
dated dateless datedness
date
adj. - old fashion, not modern (antonym - modern)
v. - to write the date / to meet a person of the opposite sex
decided decidedly decision decide adj. - clear, definite (antonym - undecided)
n. - the conclusion reached / outcome / result / judgment
v. - to settle an argument or dispute / to choose / to make up one's mind
decisive decisively decisiveness
 --
adj. - showing the ability to decide quickly (antonym - indecisive)
deliberate deliberately
--
--
adj. - done on purpose (antonym - undeliberate)
different differently
--
--
adj. - unusual, uncommon (antonym - same)
-- 
 --
 discussion discuss  n. - a talk
v. - to talk or write about something
disputable disputably dispute dispute adj. - something that can be questioned or argued about (antonym - indisputable)
n. - argument
v. - to argue / to debate
distracted distractedly distraction
distract
adj. - unable to concentrate properly (antonym - undistracted )
n. - a noise, sound, sight, etc. which prevents concentration
e
ethical ethically ethic
--
adj. - morally correct (plural ethics) antonym - unethical
exact exactly exactness exact adj. - strictly correct (antonym - inexact)
extraordinary extraordinarily
--
--
adj. - above the usual (antonym - normal, usual, common
f
fashionable fashionably fashion fashion adj. - trendy / stylish (antonym- unfashionable)
v - to make
fascinated / fascinating
 --
fascination
fascinate
adj. - attracted and delighted by creating interest and curiosity (antonym - uncritical)
flexible flexibly flexibility flex adj. - the ability to bend (antonym - inflexible)
v. - to tighten, usually muscles in the human body
forgivable
--
forgiveness forgive adj. - can be forgiven (antonym - unforgivable)
v. - to stop blaming or stop resenting someone for something he or she has done
fortunate fortunately fortune
--
adj. - lucky (antonym - unfortunate)
friendly friendlily friendliness
--
adj. - kind, affectionate (antonym - unfriendly)
g
h
happy happily happiness
--
adj. - content, glad (adj. - unhappy)
n. - joy
harmonious harmoniously harmony harmonize adj. - agreeable, friendly (antonym - disharmonious)
hidden
 --
--
hide
adj. - kept out of sight / unseen (antonym -visible )
heightened height
heighten
adj. - make higher / intensify (antonym -lowered )
honest honestly honesty
--
adj - frank, open, truthful (antonym - dishonest)
honourable honourably honour honour adj. - ethical, fair, moral, principled (antonym - dishonourable)
n. - personal respect
v. - to respect highly / accept or pay a debt
i
imaginable / imaginary imaginably imagination imagine adj. - imaginable - likely, possible (antonym - unimaginable)
adj. - imaginary - existing only in the mind (antonym - unimaginary)
n. - the ability to create images of things that are not present
v. imagine - to create a picture in the mind
important importantly importance
--
adj. - serious (antonym - unimportant)
improvable
--
improvement
improve
adj. - can be made better (antonym - un improvable)
n. - something that adds to the value of something
inspirational inspirationally inspiration
inspire
adj. - (antonym - uninspired)
intrigued / intriguing intriguingly intrigue
intrigue
adj. - (antonym - un intrigued)
intelligent intelligently intelligence
--
adj - cleaver, smart (antonym - unintelligent)
inventive inventively invention
invent
adj. - (antonym - uninventive)
irritable irritably irritant / irritation irritate adj. - easily annoyed
n. - irritant - person or thing causing irritation
n. - irritation - annoyance, slight pain
j
justified justifiable justification justify adj - morally correct (antonym - unjustified)
v - to show the rightness or justice of something
k
l
legal legally legality legalize adj. - allowed by law (antonym - illegal)
legible legibly legibility
--
adj. - easily read (antonym - illegible)
legitimate legitimately legitimacy legitimize adj. - lawful, regular / born in wedlock (antonym - illegitimate)
liberal liberally liberal liberalize adj. - generous / tolerant / unrestricted amount of something (antonym - illiberal)
n. - a person who has liberal ideas (usually about freedom from control)
v. - to free from political or moral restrictions
likely likely likelihood like adj. - probably (antonym - unlikely)
adv, - very probable
n. - probability
v. - similar to / to be fond of / having some or all of the qualities or features of
logical logically logic
--
adj. - clear, rational, reasonable (antonym - illogical)
n. - art or philosophy of reasoning
lucky luckily luck
--
adj. - fortunately (antonym - unlucky)
m
mature maturely maturity mature adj. - ripe like a fruit / completely developed like an adult (antonym - immature)
moral morally morality moralize adj. - right and just (antonym - immoral)
v. - to talk in a self-righteous way about what is right or wrong
mortal mortally mortality
--
adj. - human / deadly or fatal (antonym immortal - live forever)
n
noticeable noticeably notice notice adj. - attracting attention / easily seen (antonym - unnoticeable)
n. - a sign, advertisement or warning
v. - to see something
o
offensive offensively offensiveness offend adj. - upsetting or annoying (antonym -inoffensive)
ordinary ordinarily
--
--
adj. common, usual, not strange (antonym - unordinary)
p
patient patiently patience
--
adj. - ability to accept delay (antonym - impatient)
perfect perfect perfection perfect adj. - without error or flaw (antonym - imperfect)
v. - to make something without error or flaw
performing
--
performance perform adj. - doing or acting / doing as expected (antonym - unperforming)
n. - act, play, feat, achievement
v. - to do something / to act a part in a play
polite politely politeness
--
adj. - having or showing good manners (antonym - impolite)
possible possibly possibility
--
adj. - something that can be done (antonym - impossible)
powerful powerfully power power adj. - very strong / having great influence (antonym - powerless)
n. - energy
v. - the ability to do something
preventable
--
prevention prevent adj. - that which can be avoided, stopped or hindered (antonym - unpreventable)
v. - to stop or hinder
probable probably probability
--
adj. - likely (antonym - improbable)
professional professionally professionalism
--
adj. - a qualified worker who does something to a high standard (antonym - unprofessional)
protective protectively protection protect adj. - trying or intended to protect
n. - defense / safety
v. - to keep safe from harm, injury, hurt, etc. / guard
q
r
rational rationally rationale /
rationality
rationalize adj. - reasonable, sensible (antonym - (irrational)
v. - justify by reasoning
recommended / recommending
--
recommendation
recommend
adj. - (antonym - unrecommended)
regular regularly regularity
--
adj. - normal, usual, habitual (antonym - irregular)
relevant relevantly relevance
--
adj. - related to the matter under discussion (antonym - irrelevant)
reliable reliability reliability
rely
adj. - dependable (antonym - unreliable)
religious religiously religiousness
--
adj. - pious / conscientious / holy (antonym - unreligious - not religious / irreligious -  
replaceable
--
replacement replace adj. - can be replaced (antonym - irreplaceable) 
representative
--
representative represent adj. - typical (unrepresentative)
n. - one chosen to stand for a group
v. - to symbolize / to stand for
respectful respectable respectability respect adj. - showing consideration or politeness (antonym - disrespectful)
n. - worthy of respect
v. - to look up to / show consideration for
responsible responsibly responsibility
--
adj. - legally or morally obliged (antonym - irresponsible) 
reversible reversibility reverse reverse adj. - can be changed back to its original condition (antonym - irreversible) 
n. - the opposite
romantic romantically romantic romanticize adj. - of or dealing with love / loving (antonym - unromantic)
 n. - visionary / a sentimental person
s
satisfactory satisfactorily satisfaction satisfy adj. - acceptable / fair / good enough (antonym - unsatisfactory) 
n. - pleasure / pride / sense of fulfilment
v. - to please / to come up to expectations
significant significantly significance signify adj. - important / meaningful (antonym - insignificant)
v. - to be a sign of
soluble
--
solubility solution adj. - can be dissolved in water (antonym - insoluble) 
n. - the answer to a problem / the liquid in which something is dissolved
speedy speedily speed speed adj. - quickly (antonym - slowly)
n. - swiftness / rate of progress
v. - to move quickly
successful successfully success succeed adj. - profitable / rewarding / fortunate (antonym - unsuccessful)
n. - favourable outcome
v. - turn out satisfactorily
symbolic symbolically symbol symbolize adj. - using something as a symbol (antonym - unsymbolic)
n. - an image, object, etc. used to represent something
v. - to be a representation of something or someone
t
talkative
--
talk / talkativeness
talk
adj. - (antonym - untalkative)
tasteful tastefully tastefulness taste adj. - in a good style / to one's liking (antonym - distasteful) 
v. - to eat a small amount of something
taught / teaching
--
teacher
teach
adj. - instructed (antonym - unteachable)
thrilled / thrilling
--
thrill
thrill
adj. - excited (antonym -unexcited )
u
v
valid
--
validity validate adj. - genuine / good / true / accurate (antonym - invalid)
adv. - lawfulness / legality / right
v. - to make legally true / to make something logical or justifiable




IELTS task 1 marking criteria

Follow this  criteria to get higher mark. Source from here