European Fishing Village

The diagrams below show the development of a small fishing village and its surrounding area into a large European tourist resort. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The illustrations depict the transformation of a little European fishing village and the environment around it, into a large resort of tourists.

It is quickly evident that a great deal of development in the form of infrastructure and services for the tourist industry has radically transformed the original fishing village, and previous economic activities such as fishing, olive, sheep and goat farming have been replaced by a tourism economy (with greatly expanded population that fluctuates with tourist in and outflow)

The olive grove  in the centre of the picture in 1974, has been transformed into farmland providing fruit and vegetables for the many hotels that have appeared by 2004.

It is immediately apparent that subtantial development geared towards the tourist industry, in the form of infrastructure and services, has swamped the original sparsely populated fishing village, and replaced the fishing and farming activities. Alongside this economics and infrastructure development has come a greatly increased population, fluctuating depemding on tourist number.

The evolution of the horse

The illustrations depict the changes to the horse from 40 million years ago to now.  The most immediately observable development is the ever increasing size.  

Eohippus, from 40 million years ago, and more doglike than a horse, was the smallest, having only a small tail and lacking a mane at all.  Its feet have four splayed out of about equal size.

Mesohippus, living 30 million years ago, was bigger overall, with a longer tail,  the beginnings of a mane around neck, and a foot with toes, a larger central toe and two smaller toes on either side, and beginning to resemble more closely the horse that we would recognise from today.

Coming in 15 million years ago was Merychippus, looking much like a smaller version of today's horse.  It had even more mane, that distinctive elongated face that we see in the modern horse,and a foot whose central toe had grown even bigger and with an four segments as opposed to the three segments of Merrychippus and the two of Eohippus.

Finally, the modern horse, the largest of the four horses presented, with a flowing mane and flourishing tail, and a foot whose toes have become fused to form a single hoof.  It has three toe bone segments joining to the ankle bone. (218 words) MH 

the cement and concrete making processes

Sample Answer 1 :

The two pictures illustrate how cement and concrete are produced. It is a long process with various and the process itself involves crushing, mixing, rotating, heating, grinding, bagging and mixing. 

First, limestone and clay are passed through a machine which crushes them together, producing a powder which then goes through a mixer and on to a rotating heather where heat is applied to the mixed material. The resulting mixture is put through a grinder where it is ground into cement. This final product is then put into bags, ready to be used in the next stage of the process, making concrete, represented by the second illustration. 

For the production of concrete, a composition of 15% cement is mixed with 10% water 25% sand and 50% gravel, all in a concrete mixer where it is churned or rotated until the mixture is ready to be used for whichever purpose is intended. At this end point when it is appropriately mixed together, it will be termed concrete (162 words) MH

Sample Answer 1 :

The illustration depict the production steps to create cement and concrete, which are used for construction.  Overall, there are five steps involved in producing cement, which starts from crushing limestone and clay until it is packaged, while the making of concrete involves only a single step.

The making of cement begins with crushing the clay and limestone until they are changed into powder.  Then the powder is put into a mixer, and then heated in a rotating tube.  Next, the powder is poured into a grinder where it is blended and processed until it becomes cement.  Following that, the cement is put into bags before being distributed to construction areas.

The cement is one of the most important const

ituents needed to  produce concrete.  Cement (15%), water (10%), sand (25%), and gravel (50%) are poured into a concrete mixer, and stirred and blended until the mixture becomes concrete (151 words) tia

The past below the waves - parapharasing sample

More than three million shripwrecks are believed to lie on the seabed, the result of storm and accidents during thousand of year sea-born trading. These wrecks offer marine archeologist valuable information about the culture, technology and trade pattern of ancient civilization, but the vast majority have been too deep to research. Scuba divers can only operates down to 50 metres, which limits operation s to wrecks near the coast, which have often been damaged by storms or plant growth. A few deep sea sites (such as the Titanic) have been explored by manned submarines, but this kind of equipment has been too expensive for less damous subjects. However, this situation has been changed by the introduction of a new kind of mini submarine : the automatic underwater vehicle (UAV). This cheap, small craft is free is free moving and does not need an expensive mother ship to control it. Now a team of American archeologist are planning to use an AUV to explore an area of sea north of Egypt which was the approach to a major trading port 4,0000 years ago 

 paraprashing : 
Storm and calamities over many millennia are thought to have wrecked over three million ships which now rest on the sea floor. Marine archeologist can learn much about the cultural activities, technological process and trading pursuit of the civilizations of the ancient world from these sunken ships. However, many are too far down to explore, as divers are only able to descend to depths of 50 metres, meaning that only those shipwrecks lying close to the coastline can be explored. These, though, are often in a bad state due to storms and the growth of sea vegetation. Some famous wreck in deeper water (the Titanic as an example) have been investigated with used of submarined operated by people, but the expense involved limits their avaibility. Recently though, a newly invented mini submarine reffered to as the automatic underwater vehicle (AUV) which is moves freely, is inexpensive and does not require an expensive mother ship to monitor it, has entered the search. A large trading port, 4000 years old, entered through port at the sea to the north of Egypt, is about to be explored by a group of archeologist from the US.(MH)